To be able to examine the possible mediating effect of more info on partners (including perceived HIV status) on UAI, we developed three variant models. In version 1, we adjusted the organization between online/offline dating location and UAI for features of the participant: age, ethnicity, number of sex partners in the preceding 6months, and self-perceived HIV status. In model 2 we added the venture features (age difference, ethnic concordance, lifestyle concordance, and HIV concordance). In model 3, we adjusted also for partnership sexual risk behavior (i.e., sex-related drug use and sex frequency) and venture sort (i.e., casual or anonymous). As we assumed a differential effect of dating location for HIV-positive, HIV negative and HIV status unknown MSM, an interaction between HIV status of the participant and dating place was contained in all three models by making a new six-category variable. For clarity, the effects of online/offline dating on UAI are also presented separately for HIV negative, HIV-positive, and HIV-oblivious guys. We performed a sensitivity analysis restricted to partnerships in which just one sexual contact occurred. Statistical significance was defined as P 0.05. No adjustments for multiple comparisons were made, in order not to lose potentially significant associations. Backpage escorts closest to Rosedale. As a fairly big number of statistical tests were done and reported, this strategy does lead to a heightened risk of one or more false positive associations. Analyses were done using the statistical programme STATA, version 13 (STATA Intercooled, College Station, TX, USA).
Characteristics of online and offline partners and partnerships are revealed in Table 2 The median age of the partners was 34years (IQR 28-40). Compared to offline partners, more online partners were Dutch (61.3% vs. 54.0%; P 0.001) and were defined as a known partner (77.7% vs. 54.4%; P 0.001). The HIV status of on-line partners was more frequently reported as known (61.4% vs. 49.4%; P 0.001), and in online ventures, perceived HIV concordance was higher (49.0% vs. 39.8%; P 0.001). Participants reported that their on-line partners more often knew the HIV status of the participant than offline partners (38.8% vs. 27.2%; P 0.001). Participants more often reported multiple sexual contacts with online partners (50.9% vs. 41.3%; P 0.001). Sex-related substance use, alcohol use, and group sex were less frequently reported with internet partners.
In univariate analysis, UAI was significantly more prone to occur in on-line than in offline ventures (OR = 1.36 95 % CI 1.03-1.81) (Table 4 ). The self-perceived HIV status of the participant was strongly associated with UAI (OR = 11.70 95 % CI 7.40-18.45). The impact of dating place on UAI differed by HIV status, as can be seen best in Table 5 Table 5 shows the association of online dating using three distinct reference types, one for each HIV status. Backpage Escorts Near Me Roselea Alberta. Among HIV positive men, UAI was more common in online compared to offline partnerships (OR = 1.61 95 % CI 1.03-2.50). Among HIV negative men no association was evident between UAI and internet ventures (OR = 1.07 95 % CI 0.71-1.62). Rosedale Backpage Escorts. Among HIV-unaware guys, UAI was more common in online compared to offline ventures, though not statistically significant (OR = 1.65 95 % CI 0.79-3.44).
In multivariate model 3 (Tables 4 and 5 ), also including variables concerning sexual behavior in the partnership (sex-related multiple drug use, sex frequency and partner type), the independent effect of online dating place on UAI became somewhat more powerful (though not critical) for the HIV positive guys (aOR = 1.62 95 % CI; 0.96-2.72), but remained similar for HIV negative men (aOR = 0.94 95 % CI 0.59-1.48). The result of online dating on UAI became stronger (and important) for HIV-unaware guys (aOR = 2.55 95 % CI 1.11-5.86) (Table 5 ).
The amount of sex partners in the preceding 6months of the index was likewise associated with UAI (OR = 6.79 95 % CI 2.86-16.13 for those with 50 or more recent sex partners compared to those with fewer than 5 recent sex partners). UAI was significantly more likely if more sex acts had happened in the venture (OR = 16.29 95 % CI 7.07-37.52 for >10 sex acts within the venture compared to only one sex act). Other factors significantly associated with UAI were group sex within the venture, and sex-connected multiple drug use within venture.
In this large study among MSM attending the STI clinic in Amsterdam, we found no evidence that online dating was independently associated with a higher danger of UAI than offline dating. For HIV-negative men this lack of assocation was clear (aOR = 0.94 95 % CI 0.59-1.48); among HIV positive guys there was a non significant association between online dating and UAI (aOR = 1.62 95 % CI 0.96-2.72). Just among guys who suggested they weren't conscious of their HIV status (a little group in this study), UAI was more common with online than offline associates.
Among HIV positive guys, in univariate analysis UAI was reported significantly more frequently with on-line partners than with offline partners. When adjusting for associate features, the effect of online/offline dating on UAI among HIV-positive MSM became somewhat smaller and became non significant; this suggests that differences in partnership variables between online and also offline partnerships are liable for the increased UAI in online established partnerships. This may be due to a mediating effect of more info on partners, (including perceived HIV status) on UAI, or to other variables. Among HIV negative men no effect of online dating on UAI was discovered, either in univariate or in the multivariate models. Among HIV-unaware guys, online dating was connected with UAI but just significant when adding partner and partnership variants to the model.
A key strength of this study was that it investigated the connection between online dating and UAI among MSM who had recent sexual contact with both online and also offline casual partners. This averted bias due to potential differences between men only dating online and those just dating offline, a weakness of several previous studies. Backpage Escorts Near Me Rosebud Alberta. Backpage Escorts near me Alberta, Canada. By recruiting participants at the largest STI outpatient clinic in the Netherlands we could comprise a high number of MSM, and avoid potential differences in guys sampled through Internet or face to face interviewing, weaknesses in certain previous studies 3 , 11